1. The argument to be followed complements that of proposal 5.10.
Capital standards contribute to the permanent consolidation of the market economy.
2. The equity of an enterprise and the capital operated by that enterprise refer to the same purpose.
Contrary to what the expressions "equity" and "equity" taken at face value mean, these funds do not belong to the enterprise (real equity only exists on the balance sheets of individuals and non-commercial associations). In both a sole proprietorship and a commercial enterprise, the capital worked is equal to the capital shown on the balance sheet, plus reserves and losses for the previous financial year, if necessary. It is therefore the amount that contributes to the constitution of the working capital, the difference between financing for more than one year and investments tied up for more than one year. In this regard, it should be noted that the working capital must be positive for part of the capital exploited to be used as wage funds.
3. The same rate of profit on capital applies to all commercial enterprises as well as to all enterprises in their own name.
The base 100 of this rate is the exploited capital.
4. For a corporate enterprise, the rate of profit on capital worked and the dividend rate Dividende relative to the value of the enterprise are the same.
The numerator of the second rate is equal to dividing the numerator of the first rate by the number of shares. The denominator of the second rate is equal to dividing the denominator of the first rate by the number of shares. The two rates are equal.
5. The annual rates of profit on capital-operated are comparable with each other and with annual rates of interest.
All these rates are prices. However, true economic competition requires easy price comparison. The organisation of a market economy remains too roughly established in the absence of a standard for the publication of the rates of profit on capital, symmetrical to what Interest the APR, the annual percentage rate of charge, is for interest. The returns on capital and credit investments (passbooks, bonds) must be easily comparable by savers.