1. Enterprises’ gross revenue is the monetary amounts of their sales flows.
Of these amounts, we can say that they are at their "price-value". A flow of sales by an enterprise is also expressible at a "value-cost", the difference between the sales at value-price and the same sales at their value-cost being a margin.
2. Investment income is a flow of sales.
Income from work is also a flow of sales, but the services that provide it are not savings placements.
3. In objective economics, only a ratio between a flow F, other than a margin, and a stock S is a productivity P such that P = F / S.
A productivity P measures what a stock S has produced or is likely to produce at market value, the expression of this flow F of production and this stock S being itself exclusively monetary. Productivity defined in this way measures a rotational speed.
4. A yield per physical or hourly unit is not productivity.
A yield per hectare, a turnover per square metre, a tonnage or a number of pieces per hour, etc., are not productivity in the unequivocal sense attributed to this concept by the statement: Let us call productivity only a ratio between the monetary amounts of a sales flow and a stock.
5. A rate of return is a relationship between a result and a means implemented to achieve it.
The numerator and denominator of this ratio are, of course, different depending on whether it is a question of, for example, the yield of agricultural land, an investment, such and such people in a particular activity, a boiler, an engine, etc., without an assignable limit. A turnover or added value per person employed is a rate of return.
6. The ratios between the monetary amounts in a sales flow and an inventory are a defined subset of infinite returns.
Productivity does not meet this definition whenever it refers to output per person employed.
7. A "productivity per factor of production" would exist.
Let us look at the case of a farmer who works alone. In the stock that the farmer's work employs are machines, as well as other "factors of production" such as a wage fund, because the farmer who works alone is nevertheless economically a wage-earner. How much of this farmer's production is attributable to his status as an employee? What other shares are attributable to machinery, crop varieties, fertilizers used, the land itself, climate, etc.? ? These questions will forever remain unanswered, because any process of producing anything never implements factors independently of each other. It is the combination that is productive.
8. The following quotes are from recent economics textbooks.
To affirm that productivity is a "ratio between a volume or value of production and a quantity of a factor of production" reflects an acceptance. Valid for any efficiency, this meaning is not a definition in the sense of this concept in the logic of finite sets. The fact that no specific properties of yields called "productivity" are specified attests to this. In this vein, to argue that "it is productivity gains that make it possible to improve the standard of living of the population" is to note that the increase in average per capita income depends on higher yields. This truth does not in any way authorize the untruth of the existence of productivity by factor of production.
9. Among the fundamental questions to which economic science must provide a clear answer are the following three:
Question 1: Does one "factor of production" have a more initial ripple effect than the others so that the increase in per capita income has the minimum of perverse effects?
Question 2: Which yield is the most decisive of the level of the per capita income?
Question 3: Are the "productivity gains", implied by labor, to be shared?
10. Does one "factor of production" have a more initial ripple effect than the others so that the increase in per capita income has the minimum of perverse effects?
The three preceding chapters, successively on capital, profit and employment, establish that this "factor of production" is capitalization, the latter concept in the unequivocal sense set out at the beginning of chapter 5.
11. Which yield is the most decisive of the level of the per capita income?
"Economic science" in its current state answers: this yield is that of labor. This response is also that of the boss who strives to make the work productive enough in terms of sales and margin. These sources do not guarantee that this view is the most accurate.
12. Are the "productivity gains", implied by work, to be shared?
In reality, total labor income (LI) can increase sustainably faster than total income (TI). The rest of this chapter demonstrates this. What is to be shared between the employees as such, including the self-employed, is not the RG, but the RT, according to the modalities indicated in the following chapter.