5.2 Strictly speaking, "permanent" is that which lasts until the end.

The meaning of the Latin verb permanere is: "to remain to the end".

1. For an enterprise, what persists until its disappearance is permanent.

For an enterprise, the non-credit portion of its financing Credit is strictly speaking permanent, until it closes. The practice, which has become quasi-official, is to say that this part is its Capital.

2. Any permanent enterprise financing contribution has an owner.

When the enterprise is in a personal name, the ownership of the enterprise and that of its capital are one. When the enterprise is an commercial enterprise, other than a cooperative or a mutual society, the co-ownership of the enterprise and that of its capital are also one. When the enterprise is a cooperative or mutual society, its members hold shares in its capital without being co-owners: in the event of liquidation, any bonus is transferable to one or more other legal persons of the category specified in its articles of association.

3. To call an enterprise's liabilities of more than one year "permanent capital" is unfortunate.

Short-term debts are part of financing with a maturity of less than one year. Medium- and long-term debts are part of financing with a maturity of more than one year. The latter expression, financing for more than one year, is less confusing. Capital Capital is financing of a different nature than debt, including in the medium and long term.