1. The uses of the adjective "capital, ale, aux" are not affected by this.
The Grand Robert of the French language reminds us of the historical primacy of this adjective. It was "borrowed around 1200 from the Latin capitalis 'of the head', derived from caput, 'head' (->chief)". His first job "is specialized in the language of law with the value of 'which can cost the head, mortal'" – capital punishment... In 1567, "a substantiated use of the masculine capital is attested in economics". He is "destined – no pun intended – to make a fortune". It may be that he "was born directly in French." It may have been "borrowed from the Italian capital ", the main part of a loan. In the sense that has become primary, the essential part of a reality is crucial. In other words, the most important thing is crucial.
2. The question of what is crucial in economics arises.
It calls for a first answer which itself calls for a next question. This chain leads to the object "permanent financing of the enterprise". Here's how.
The practice of economic exchanges is crucial, because it alone provides the income, which feeds the bulk of transfers. The enterprise is crucial in the practice of economic exchanges, while the structure of a enterprise's balance sheet inevitably depends on its solidity and its ability to employ in a sustainable way. Permanent financing is crucial in an enterprise's balance sheet, because it is above all its size, in relation to investments, that the strength of the enterprise and its ability to employ in a sustainable way comes from.
3. Economic science must, to the test of its use, prove itself to be correct with regard to what is, with regard to its object, capital.
To do this, the building materials of this science must contain as few ambiguities as possible. The discipline that is required is known. In other fields, its success is obvious. Concepts must be extracted from notions. The main tool of this extraction is the definition in intention of a finite set.
4. To say that any amount of money is capital is easily avoided.
Often, "capital" is not only or at all permanent financing of enterprises. For many uses of the plural "capital", that of fund is substitutable.
5. The repayable part of a loan is unambiguously referred to by the main word.
The use of this word in this sense seems to be, in French, prior to that of the noun "capital".
6. The notion of "human capital" contravenes the abolition of slavery.
Through it, men once again become assimilable to commercial wealth. With them, their knowledge becomes so too. Excessive commodification and financialization triumphed. The improvement of working conditions suffers as a result.
7. Pascal made great progress in physics by forging the unequivocal concept of "pressure".
Economic thought that makes capital Capital an unequivocal concept accomplishes a progress of the same kind.